Socio-Economic Problems and Livelihood Prospects of Women Salt Pan Workers in Thoothukudi District

Abstract

Women salt pan workers play an important role in the salt production industry in Thoothukudi District,
Tamil Nadu. However, their livelihoods may be affected by low wages, irregular employment,
occupational health risks, inadequate workplace facilities and limited social security protection. This study
examines the socio-economic conditions, employment-related problems and livelihood prospects of
women salt pan workers in the district. The study is based on primary data collected from 140 respondents.
It analyses their demographic characteristics, educational attainment, monthly income, working
conditions, household expenditure priorities and preferred livelihood improvement measures using
percentage analysis, chi-square test, correlation analysis and one-way ANOVA. The findings indicate that
low wages (25.71%) and occupational health problems (22.86%) emerge as the major reported
employment-related concerns, while 65.72% describe their working conditions as difficult or highly
difficult. Higher wages, regular employment, and health and social security benefits are identified as
important livelihood improvement priorities. The chi-square analysis does not establish a statistically
significant association between monthly income category and employment regularity at the 5% level.
Similarly, the correlation analysis indicates no statistically significant relationship between monthly
income and household savings, while the ANOVA results show no significant difference in mean monthly
income across educational groups. The study highlights the need for improved wage protection,
occupational safety, healthcare access, social security coverage, skill development and institutional
support for alternative livelihood activities. Strengthening these measures could contribute to greater
economic security, livelihood diversification and the socio-economic empowerment of women salt pan
workers in Thoothukudi District.