Quantitative variations of Deacyl gymnemic acid, Gymnemagenin, and Gymnemic acidIV in Gymnema sylvestre R.Br. from different geographical regions of Karnataka.

Abstract

Gymnema sylvestre is a widespread potential antidiabetic medicinal plant that thrives in southern India tropical forests. Gymnema sylvestre was collected from various geographical locations in Karnataka. Along with soil samples, rainfall, temperature and geographical data were collected. HPLC methods were used to analyse chemical components in the plant extract. The highest yield of chemical components viz. Deacyl Gymnemic acid, Gymnemagenin, Gymnemic acid IV was obtained by continuously heating the dried leaf in a Soxhlet system with 90% methanol. All the collected samples yielded the chemical components Deacyl Gymnemic acid, Gymnemagenin, and Gymnemic acid IV. Standard analytical methods were used to determine NPK, pH, and EC in soil samples collected from nine locations across the state. The rainfall, temperature data collected from Meteorological department, UAS, Bangalore. All nine samples were subjected to phytochemical analysis to estimate the levels of Deacyl Gymnemic acid, Gymnemagenin, and Gymnemic acid IV. The rainfall, temperature and soil characters like pH, EC, NPK were analysed and compared with the concentrations of above constituents. The percentage of Deacyl Gymnemic acid in Chitradurga 3.29, Bagalkote 1.86, Davanagere 1.47, Mysuru 1.15, Shivamogga 0.8 and Ballari 0.5, Belagavi 0.45, Chikkamagaluru 0.18, Udupi 0.08. These results clearly indicate the effect of abiotic factors. The concentration of Gymnemic acid shows Chikkamagaluru 0.4, Chitradurga 0.26, Udupi 0.07, Bagalkote 0.06, Mysuru & Belagavi 0.04, Shivamogga 0.03, Davanagere & Ballari 0.02. The percentage of Gymnemagenin is in Chitradurga 0.43, Bagalkote 0.26, Mysuru 0.23 & Davanagere 0.23, Ballari 0.18, Shivamogga 0.16, Belagavi 0.16, Chikkamagaluru 0.05, and Udupi 0.005. The concentrations of the phytochemical constituents indicate the Chitradurga samples show highest in both Deacyl Gymnemic acid and Gymnemagenin.