GC-MS Based Phytochemical Profiling and Antioxidant-Nutraceutical Relevance of Kappaphycus alvarezii
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63001/tbs.2026.v21.i03.pp587-604Keywords:
Kappaphycus alvarezii, GC-MS,, Antioxidant assays, Artonin L monomethyl ether, Phenolic antioxidant,, Fatty acids, Nutraceutical potential, Marinebio activesAbstract
Marine red algae are recognized as significant sources of bioactive compounds with potent antioxidant
and nutraceutical attributes. This study thoroughly examined ethanolic and methanolic extracts of
Kappaphycus alvarezii by a dual analytical methodology: comprehensive antioxidant assay profiling
(DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, ORAC) and GC–MS chemical characterization. Antioxidant assays exhibited
considerable radical scavenging and reducing properties, particularly in ethanolic extracts (DPPH IC₅₀:
43 μg/mL; ABTS IC₅₀: 46 and methanolic extracts FRAP: 774 μM TEAC/g; ORAC: 722 μmol TE/g),
indicating strong activity through both SET and HAT mechanisms. The GC-MS investigation showed
29 distinct peaks, which were made up of phenolic antioxidants, aliphatic hydrocarbons, alkenes, fatty
acids, and minor esters. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (13.02%, RT 14.04 min) was an important antioxidant
marker, and a significant hydrocarbon peak (18.37%) changed the overall profile a lot. The extract's
bioactivity is greatly enhanced by the addition of Artonin L monomethyl ether, a methoxylated
polyphenolic flavonoid. The chemical makeup and functional antioxidant evidence reveal that
Kappaphycus alvarezii is a great source of natural antioxidants and functional bio actives from the sea.
It could be used in functional foods, dietary supplements, and medicines.
