Efficacy of surface EMG guided biofeedback exercises in pain, ROM and functional limitation in patients with lumbar radiculopathy: quasi-experimental design

Abstract

Purpose: Lumbar radiculopathy is characterised by lower back pain, radiating to the leg, sensory
disturbances, and motor deficits resulting from compression or irritation of lumbar nerve roots. Surface
electromyography (sEMG) biofeedback-guided exercise has emerged as a neuromuscular re-education
technique that provides real-time feedback on muscle activation, facilitating selective recruitment of deep
trunk stabilisers and improving motor control. However, limited evidence exists regarding its effectiveness
in such conditions. The study evaluated the effects of surface EMG-guided biofeedback training on radiating
pain intensity, lumbar range of motion (ROM) and functional limitation in patients diagnosed with lumbar
radiculopathy.
Materials and Methods: 11 patients with a clinical diagnosis of lumbar radiculopathy underwent a
structured 4-week rehabilitation program consisting of surface EMG biofeedback-guided exercises. Training
focused on improving activation of deep lumbar stabilising musculature and neural mobilization through
real-time visual feedback. Data were recorded at baseline and after completion of the intervention.
Statistical analysis was conducted to compare pre- and post-intervention scores, with a statistical
significance level set at p < 0.05.
Results: Statistically significant improvements were observed in all measured outcomes (p < 0.05). Lumbar
ROM demonstrated significant improvement in both flexion and extension. The status of pain and functional
limitation was also reduced substantially.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that EMG biofeedback may be an effective treatment for patients with
lumbar radiculopathy.